America's Skilled Trades Dashboard
2026 edition

America’s growing skilled workforce needs and what's driving it.

Key trends impacting the skilled trades, measured nationally and by trade and state.

$3.8T
In value added each year by 18.4 million trade workers, 12.3% of GDP
+32%
The trades' average pay premium over typical work without a degree
24%
Of trade workers are 55 or older and nearing retirement
83%
Of school counselors say trade options are under-presented to students
How we define skilled trades
124 occupations across construction and extraction, installation, maintenance and repair, production, and transportation: 18.4 million workers, 12.3% of GDP. Incorporates workers whose core skill is built through practice, applied to making, building, fixing, or moving physical things. The definition in full →
Supply & demand by state

An outlook of supply and demand for skilled trades across America

Supply and demand don't always line up. Nine states face both high demand and low supply.

Explore supply and demand by state, and the indicators underlying them.

Demand pressure by state

AK
AL
AR
AZ
CA
CO
CT
DC
DE
FL
GA
HI
IA
ID
IL
IN
KS
KY
LA
MA
MD
ME
MI
MN
MO
MS
MT
NC
ND
NE
NH
NJ
NM
NV
NY
OH
OK
OR
PA
RI
SC
SD
TN
TX
UT
VA
VT
WA
WI
WV
WY
highest demand pressure · click a state to inspect it without leaving the page table view
Selected
Florida
All trades
95demand pressure
A higher demand pressure score indicates higher demand for skilled trades in this state.
1,040,150 workers
Projected and realized demand, occupation mix, and wage path, combined as percentile positions among the 51 states. The top of this ranking is a group, not an order: the leaders sit within noise of one another.

What is behind Florida's position

Index components, click any state on the map
Demand pressure95
Projected growth
94
Recent growth
94
Occupation mix
98
Wage path
92
Supply position26
Counted entrants
22
Training throughput
31
Age of workforce
22
Migration pull
28
Each row is one part of the index, a position among the 51 states, not a quantity. The two indexes are nearly independent across states, which is why they publish as two rather than one composite. Florida's page carries the full detail.
Six key indicators for supply and demand in the skilled trades
01Navigation
95% of school counselors call trade school a valuable, credible option. Just 54% often recommend it.
Call trade school credible
95%
Recommend trade school often
54%
School counselors on trade school: beliefs against actions
Americans' views about trades work - and the extent to which they translate into actions
02Entry
Four in ten skilled trades workers are in occupations typically entered without formal training
Registered apprenticeship 27%College or CTE credential 35%On the job training 26%Open entry 13%
Workforce by its occupation's typical way in
How many people arrive each year, and by which route
03Conversion
Fewer than half of people who start a trades apprenticeship finish it, and only 29% of starters are working in a trade within five years of leaving the apprenticeship.
Start
100%
Finish
48%
In a trade within 5 years of leaving
29%
Proportion starting an apprenticeship who end up in a trade
How many people who begin training for a trade end up working in it
04Retirement & replacement
24% of this workforce is 55 or over and nearing the exit. Just 11% is under 25.
Under 25 11%25–54 65%55+ 24%
More leaving-age workers than arriving-age ones
How much of the workforce is close to leaving it
05Talent movement
Trade workers keep moving to the same states.
North Carolina
+5k
Texas
+5k
New York
−9k
California
−18k
Biggest net gains and losses per year, trades workers
Where trades workers are coming from and going to
06Growth
86 of 124 skilled trades occupations are projected to add jobs or hold steady through 2035, and even the shrinking ones keep hiring as workers leave.
Growing or holding 86Shrinking 38
86 of 124 trades projected to grow or hold, 2025–2035
Whether an occupation is growing, and the openings that growth and turnover create
Five of the six are measured state by state; navigation is measured nationally. At state level they come together in two indexes: demand pressure, the growth indicator, and supply position, which spans entry, conversion, retirement and replacement, and talent movement. Read on, or jump to any indicator.
01NavigationNational input

95% of school counselors call trade school a valuable, credible option. Just 54% often recommend it.

On routing young people into the skilled trades, as it stands fine words are not matched by actions. A new national survey from the Ad Council Research Institute (ACRI) tells the story: parents are proud of the trades, counselors call them credible, teens respect the work. Then nearly everyone steers the next generation somewhere else. The problem here is not perceptions of skilled trades, but knowledge in how to navigate them.

Teens, parents and school counselors alike hold the trades in high regard while rarely recommending them or planning to go into them. The counselors say it plainly about their own institutions: 83% report that trade options are not presented to students as often as they should be.

The counselor gap

School counselors, national survey
Say trade school is a valuable, credible option95%
Recommend a four-year degree often88%
Feel confident advising on trade school60%
Recommend trade school often54%
Feel confident advising on apprenticeships32%
Recommend apprenticeships often28%
School counselors, n=202. 95% call trade school valuable and credible, and 83% say trade options are not presented to students as often as they should be. The belief is there; the routing is not. 55% say parents in their district tend to discourage trade careers.

Pride against plans

National, parents and teens
Parents: proud if my teen went to trade school81%
Parents: trades deserve the same respect as other options87%
Teens: I would be proud if I went to trade school71%
Parents: would like their teen to follow trade school12%
Teens: plan to follow trade school11%
Teens: plan to follow an apprenticeship3%
Esteem in the lighter blue, plans in the deeper. The gap between them is the navigation problem in one picture: approval of the trades is nearly universal, and almost nobody is actually routed toward them. 3,009 teens and 2,501 parents, national survey conducted by ACRI.
02Entry

Four in ten skilled trades workers are in occupations typically entered without formal training

Every trade has a typical way in: registered apprenticeship for 33 of the 124 occupations here, a college or CTE credential for 36, and for the remaining 55, simply starting the work.

That is not an argument against training investment. It is a map of where training policy has direct leverage and where it does not, and the map varies by state: the same occupation can have an apprenticeship route, a college program, both, or neither depending on where you stand.

Registered apprenticeship27%College or CTE credential35%On the job training26%Open entry13%Structured training is the typical route into occupations holding 61% of workersWork is the typical route into occupations holding 39% of workers
Registered apprenticeship 27% College or CTE credential 35% On the job training 26% Open entry 13% · Shares are the workforce employed in occupations for which each route is the typical way in, not a count of individual entrants. The two untrained categories differ: on the job training means training occurs primarily at work or through prior experience in related jobs; the national training sources count no training route into these occupations; open entry means individuals can generally begin the work without a required credential or formal training pathway, as with assemblers.
03Conversion

Fewer than half of people who start a trades apprenticeship finish it, and only 29% of starters are working in a trade within five years of leaving the apprenticeship.

The bad news: most people who begin training for trades do not complete it. The good news: most of those who do complete go on into trades jobs - but there are real leaks at both stages. Rates differ by trade, but the broad pattern is consistent.

Both routes leak the same way: the big loss is people who start and do not finish, not people who finish and walk away. Career records under-count trade work, so the end of each lane is a floor.

The leaky pipeline, start to trade

Of every 100 who start, national
THE COLLEGE ROUTETwo data sources: college completion rates, then where graduates go on to work100 start a trade program48 complete it · IPEDS, national, all providers34 are working in a trade · BGI career records, 2022-24 graduatesTHE APPRENTICESHIP ROUTETwo data sources: federal completion records, then where apprentices go on to work100 start an apprenticeship48 complete it · federal registration records29 are working in a trade · BGI career records, within five years of leaving

The same pipeline by trade category

Apprenticeship cohort, of every 100 who start
Construction & extraction
45 complete it · 39 working in a trade within five years of leaving, of 100 starters
Installation, maintenance & repair
57 complete it · 23 working in a trade within five years of leaving, of 100 starters
Production
57 complete it · 33 working in a trade within five years of leaving, of 100 starters
Engineering technicians
54 complete it · 28 working in a trade within five years of leaving, of 100 starters
The followed apprenticeship cohort (23,579 starters, 2016 to 2022), rolled up to four trade categories. Equivalent data is not available for the college route.
04Retirement & replacement

24% of this workforce is 55 or over and nearing the exit. Just 11% is under 25.

Across the US, we have more workers aging out than we have entering the labor market. The age profile of skilled trades workers is largely in line with the national workforce - but that other parts of the economy are facing the same problem only makes the challenge more acute. In some key trades, more than one in three workers will likely retire over the next decade.

11%Under 2565%25 to 5424%55 and over

The trades closest to the cliff

Largest 55-plus shares among sizeable trades, national (ACS)
Tool and die makers48% are 55+
57k workers in the trade nationally, all ages
Building inspectors37% are 55+
154k workers in the trade nationally, all ages
Cabinetmakers35% are 55+
82k workers in the trade nationally, all ages
Machinists34% are 55+
288k workers in the trade nationally, all ages
Precision instrument repairers33% are 55+
91k workers in the trade nationally, all ages
Trades with at least 50,000 workers, ranked by 55-plus share; across all trades the figure is 24%. Among tool and die makers nearly half the workforce is within roughly ten years of leaving. At the other end, HVAC mechanics are 19% and solar installers 4%. The by-trade age comparison ranks every trade with a published age profile.
Compare every state and every trade on this →
05Talent movement

Trade workers keep moving to the same states.

Interstate movement can help employers and projects meet immediate local demand, but movement does not create additional national workforce capacity. It redistributes existing workers, relieving pressure in some states while potentially intensifying shortages in others. These flows matter because major economic investments increasingly compete for overlapping pools of electricians, HVAC technicians, industrial mechanics, plumbers, carpenters, and other tradespeople.

AKALARAZCACOCTDCDEFLGAHIIAIDILINKSKYLAMAMDMEMIMNMOMSMTNCNDNENHNJNMNVNYOHOKORPARISCSDTNTXUTVAVTWAWIWVWY
More leaving   Level   More arriving  · tile shade is each state's net movement.
Selected
California
All trades · movement of trades workers per year
16,057
arrived
33,841
left
−17,784
net
Compare every state on this →
06Growth

86 of 124 skilled trades occupations are projected to add jobs or hold steady through 2035, and even the shrinking ones keep hiring as workers leave.

Most trades have seen realized growth in recent years, with projections for further expansion across the next decade. Growth is uneven: most skilled trades occupations are projected to add jobs while a meaningful minority shrink. But even a shrinking trade still hires every year, because replacement demand outweighs headcount change almost everywhere.

-5%0%+5%+10%no changeProjected to shrinkProjected to grow
124 skilled trades occupations: 86 projected to grow or hold and 38 to shrink over 2025-2035, one dot per occupation. Growth is only half the demand picture; even shrinking trades generate openings as workers leave. table view
Compare every state and every trade on this →

Every indicator above exists for any trade in any state.

5,292 state-by-occupation records, published wherever the data supports one and marked as unpublished wherever it does not.